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This study reveals that victims of intimate partner violence are likely to suffer certain types of fractures around the eye or upper face, which differ from facial injuries sustained by other types of assaults or accidents. These results, in conjunction with other presenting circumstances, such as delay in presentation, can assist the surgeon treating patients with maxillofacial injury in recognizing intimate partner violence.

This article provides guidance around what to look for when screening patients for abuse in a clinical setting, including detailed descriptions of characteristic physical injuries.

These guidelines aim to provide evidence-based guidance to health-care providers on the appropriate responses to intimate partner violence and sexual violence against women, including clinical interventions and emotional support. They also seek to raise awareness among health-care providers and policymakers of gender-based violence in order to improve health-sector response to the problem.

This Final Report provides a set of findings and broad recommendations, informed by stakeholder forums and literature reviews, that form a framework for strategic, transformative change. It outlines ways the field can overcome the obstacles it faces and change how it meets victims' needs and addresses those who perpetrate crime.

The report presents the first global systematic review of scientific data on the prevalence of two forms of violence against women: violence by an intimate partner (intimate partner violence) and sexual violence by someone other than a partner (non-partner sexual violence). It shows, for the first time, global and regional estimates of the prevalence of these two forms of violence, using data from around the world.