Material Listing

• Includes brief history of trafficking, and treaties and laws used to combat trafficking
• Discusses TVPA and the T visa with analysis of 'the practical application of the T visa standard in comparison to other similar standards as used in suspension of deportation and cancellation of removal cases.' (161)
• Critiques T visa standard that trafficking victims don't really benefit from it, suggests that trafficking victims access and use current asylum laws

Article about trafficking that examines varied interpretations of what 'trafficking' is and who its victims are. Interpretations include idea that low-wage unprotected labor paves the way to slavery and that exploited workers are victims of trafficking.

This resource examines the role of demand in fostering exploitation and trafficking in persons, and provides an overview of various international and regional legal and policy frameworks and initiatives as well as different approaches and measures undertaken by States and other stakeholders. In addition, the Special Rapporteur draws attention to some of the remaining challenges in integrating human rights-based approach, and provides a set of recommendations for addressing them.

This report about trafficking in the US provides insight into the lack of recognition or responsive aid that American girls and women who are unseen victims of trafficking receive in the US versus those victims who are not US citizens.

-'The report is primarily a qualitative investigation based on interviews with girls themselves, children's advocates, service providers, law enforcement officials and others, in primarily four citiesóNew York, Atlanta, Minneapolis, and San Francisco.'
-Includes narratives/testimonies of girls and young women who have been in prostitution and are US citizens.
-US born and raised girls and young women can also be trafficking victims.
-US girls and young women 'turn' to prostitution because they are desperate and manipulated by adults but tactics used differ from international cohorts, emphasizes that young women in the US who go into prostitution are not 'sexually liberated college girls'.
-Discusses some of the process and reality that girls and young women face in prostitution, including lack of services and awareness that sex trafficking happens to US girls and women as well.

• Details trafficking process; tactics used, some root causes which contribute to trafficking phenomenon, and 'reality' which trafficked persons may face upon reaching the US
• Calls for strengthening of laws and intergovernmental cooperation
• Discusses some of the challenges and issues for NGOs in helping, supporting, and protecting trafficking victims
• Includes discussion on the need for collaborative and wide-scale prevention strategies and efforts

• Study based in five US regions
• Includes qualitative data and analysis from women who have been trafficked for sex, male 'buyers' of sex, and traffickers
• Briefly discusses a connection between trafficking of women, some men in the US military, and prostitution
• Research framework 'makes no distinction separation between international trafficking and domestic trafficking and prostitution.' (23)
• Appendix I includes documented 'incidents of trafficking to the US'