Material Listing

Focuses on the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2002 (TVPA) (Public Law 106-386). Discusses goal of TVPA to combat trafficking through prevention, protection and prosecution. Includes TVPA Reauthorization of 2003.

State anti-trafficking initiatives and laws. Includes summaries of all state laws addressing trafficking as of Sept. 2006 by: Criminalization Statutes, Statewide Interagency Task Forces on Human Trafficking, Bride Trafficking, and Sex Tourism. Alphabetical by state, lists sponsors.

Offers some characteristics to help identify a potential victim of trafficking. Provides a list of key health concerns/risks for victims of trafficking and briefly mentions specific areas that victims may need assistance and services in.

Gives estimates on scope of sex trafficking in the Americas.

Briefly outlines selected US federal sex and labor trafficking cases, and cases of sexual violence and labor trafficking and sex tourism. TVPA and PROTECT Act of 2003 also mentioned.

• Includes brief history of trafficking, and treaties and laws used to combat trafficking
• Discusses TVPA and the T visa with analysis of 'the practical application of the T visa standard in comparison to other similar standards as used in suspension of deportation and cancellation of removal cases.' (161)
• Critiques T visa standard that trafficking victims don't really benefit from it, suggests that trafficking victims access and use current asylum laws

Article about trafficking that examines varied interpretations of what 'trafficking' is and who its victims are. Interpretations include idea that low-wage unprotected labor paves the way to slavery and that exploited workers are victims of trafficking.

This resource examines the role of demand in fostering exploitation and trafficking in persons, and provides an overview of various international and regional legal and policy frameworks and initiatives as well as different approaches and measures undertaken by States and other stakeholders. In addition, the Special Rapporteur draws attention to some of the remaining challenges in integrating human rights-based approach, and provides a set of recommendations for addressing them.

This report about trafficking in the US provides insight into the lack of recognition or responsive aid that American girls and women who are unseen victims of trafficking receive in the US versus those victims who are not US citizens.

-'The report is primarily a qualitative investigation based on interviews with girls themselves, children's advocates, service providers, law enforcement officials and others, in primarily four citiesóNew York, Atlanta, Minneapolis, and San Francisco.'
-Includes narratives/testimonies of girls and young women who have been in prostitution and are US citizens.
-US born and raised girls and young women can also be trafficking victims.
-US girls and young women 'turn' to prostitution because they are desperate and manipulated by adults but tactics used differ from international cohorts, emphasizes that young women in the US who go into prostitution are not 'sexually liberated college girls'.
-Discusses some of the process and reality that girls and young women face in prostitution, including lack of services and awareness that sex trafficking happens to US girls and women as well.

• Details trafficking process; tactics used, some root causes which contribute to trafficking phenomenon, and 'reality' which trafficked persons may face upon reaching the US
• Calls for strengthening of laws and intergovernmental cooperation
• Discusses some of the challenges and issues for NGOs in helping, supporting, and protecting trafficking victims
• Includes discussion on the need for collaborative and wide-scale prevention strategies and efforts

• Study based in five US regions
• Includes qualitative data and analysis from women who have been trafficked for sex, male 'buyers' of sex, and traffickers
• Briefly discusses a connection between trafficking of women, some men in the US military, and prostitution
• Research framework 'makes no distinction separation between international trafficking and domestic trafficking and prostitution.' (23)
• Appendix I includes documented 'incidents of trafficking to the US'

• Explores questions posed by defining who is counted as a 'trafficked' person and what is meant by 'demand' for trafficked persons
• Provides survey results and analysis of pilot study conducted to explore the 'demand side' of trafficking in various countries; India, Sweden, Japan, Thailand, etc.
• Builds on the authors' previous work, Trafficking - a demand led problem?: A multi-country pilot study, published in 2002 with more theoretical question and examination of the trafficking debate and various layers surrounding it

Touches on the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children and the US anti-trafficking law (TVPA)

• Critiques US TVPA for focusing primarily on trafficking for prostitution and sexual exploitation, although notes that the law is fairly comprehensive compared to other countries
• 'Focuses paper on 3 areas:
  1. The domestication of the Protocol
  2. The process of implementing anti-trafficking laws nationally
  3. Prosecution of traffickers' (3)

• Root causes that may enable and influence human trafficking
• Includes key issues and obstacles for trafficking victims to access help (i.e. language barriers, conditions and character of trafficking itself, status - legal, gender)
• Brings up need for sensitive and well-coordinated and collaborative efforts from all individuals that provide services and interact with victims of human trafficking

Addresses positions on trafficking and sex work, as well as various legislative and international human rights responses.

• Examines the relationship between the US, Canada, and Mexico, how trafficking is connected to that relationship
• Briefly reports on trafficking in each of the three countries in the context of the following categories: Background, Legal Initiatives, Prevention Initiatives, Recovery, and Conclusion

• 'Describe efforts to address the demand side of sex trafficking, and define the demand and describe its different components.
• Describe laws, policies, and programs aimed at reducing the demand for prostitution in communities and entire countries.
• Includes a review of research on men's behavior and attitudes towards prostitution and researchers' analyses of men's behavior and motives to purchase sex acts.' (2)

Examines sex trafficking from the 'demand' side, focusing on the role of 'exploiters' and the 'state' as two components.